• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:

    公开号:DK201000111U1
    申请号:DK201000111U
    申请日:2010-06-08
    公开日:2010-06-25
    发明作者:Nielsen Jan
    申请人:Dansk Dyrestimuli As；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    1DK 2010 00111 U3
    Bedding for animals and plants for producing such bedding
    The field of production
    The present invention relates to bedding for livestock animals and based on finely cut vegetable straw.
    The invention further relates to a plant for the production of litter for livestock plants and based on vegetable straw, and comprising several processing units including a fine section unit.
    The background of the creation
    There are known plants and methods for producing litter for livestock in livestock plants and based on vegetable straw that is cut. Thus, for making the litter, plant fibers are known to be cut / cut to form short strands.
    The bedding may be made of straw of various grasses and grains, such as elephant grass, wheat or barley or similar fibrous biological materials.
    It is also known to pellet straw to form pellet bedding.
    The known bedding will appear with elemental fibers in the straw which are released from their interconnections by the fine cutting. Thereby random protruding fiber ends or wire parts are formed from the fiber bundles / short straws. These protruding fiber ends / wire parts will appear sharp and sharp after the fine cutting.
    The litter thus appears with sharp, prickly and cutting units that cause problems for many animals.
    The litter is used for various animals, such as poultry, horses, cows, pigs and fur animals. The bedding will be used as a regular bed material or as a ground cover in a stable and has as its primary purpose to establish a bed and at the same time establish an absorption of liquid.
    2 2GB 2010 00111 U3
    The disadvantages that exist with the known types of bedding relate to problems which are based on the pointed and sharp fiber ends of the bed. This can cause problems for poultry, with hard pads forming under the feet. Furthermore, the sharp and cutting units provided in known litter will cause problems with cutting and stabbing damage to the bones of the cattle as well as tearing of the udder of cows.
    Known litter can also cause problems with bacterial spread.
    Of the known types of litter, apart from straw, finely divided pieces of wood are also used, and it has also been proposed to use other types of waste products which have an absorbency.
    In connection with bedding based on the finely-cut vegetable straw, it has been desirable for several years to provide better bedding, thereby avoiding the above-mentioned damage to the animals and at the same time obtaining a hygienic product without the risk of bacterial spread. Furthermore, it is also desirable that the bedding should have a good absorption capacity to absorb moisture and thereby create a dry bed or bottom cover in a barn. It is also desirable that this rental be soft for the sake of animal welfare.
    Purpose of creation
    It is the object of the present invention to provide a bed which is sterilized and softened so that wear and tear is avoided, while at the same time improving the ability of liquid absorption and which is also technically simple to produce and plant the bed.
    Description of the production
    This is achieved with a bedding of the type mentioned in the beginning, which is characterized in that it comprises individual bundles of sterilized elemental fibers / short strand parts, where elemental fibers are softened, the cellular structure of the elemental fibers and the strands being crushed.
    The plant according to the invention is characterized in that it further comprises a pelletizing unit which is adapted to exert pressure during pelletizing of the finely cut straw to establish a simultaneous heating to a temperature at a level above 70 ° C. 3DK 2010 00111 U3 incrementally above 80 ° C, a comminution unit for comminution of pelleted material to form loose bedding consisting of individual bundles of elemental fibers and short strands as well as transport means for transporting the material between the various processing units.
    Thus, with a system according to the present invention, it is possible, in a simple manner, namely by a well-known pelletizing process followed by the comminution, to provide a bedding which is loose and consisting of individual bundles of elemental fiber / short wire parts which are sterilized by the temperature rise established in the pieeting unit and where the cellular structure of the elemental fibers is crushed and thus softened to avoid wear and tear. Both temperature rise and softening are achieved by adjusting the pressure in the pie ether unit.
    The pressure in the pelletizer may be based on pressures above 1000 Bar and preferably also at pressures above 2000 Bar or even above 2500 Bar. Typically, you will work with a pressure of about 2000 Bar.
    It is noted that the strand parts are also formed of elemental fibers, but by the term "bundles of elemental fibers" is meant units formed of a smaller number of elemental fibers, for example in a number of down to ten or fewer elemental fibers, whereas the term "strand parts" denotes units with a very large number of elemental fibers, for example in a number of 100 or more.
    Thus, the protruding fiber ends or strand portions of the fiber bundles / short straws at the pressing / compression made by the pelleting will be ground and crushed so that they appear softened. Furthermore, it has been found that the litter will have a resilient effect, which is an advantage in the bed and thus for animal welfare in the barn.
    At the same time, the material has been sterilized due to the temperatures created during the pelletizing.
    The heating occurs as a combination of frictional heat and compression heat. At the start of the pelletizing process, it will be necessary to add heat by heating the matrix of the pelletizer machine 4 4 GB 2010 00111 U3. This results in a temperature so that even the first bedding passed through the die has the desired temperature. After start-up, there will be no need to add heat to the process to achieve the desired temperatures.
    Furthermore, it has been found that at the same time, an improved liquid absorption capacity over ordinary absorbent capacity in straw, which is merely fine-cut, has been obtained. This is achieved without the need to add special absorbents. This effect is believed to have been achieved due to the special treatment in which the cellular structure of the elemental fibers is opened by the crushing which occurs during the pelleting and where the subsequent comminution creates a loose structure which exposes the fibers so that liquid transport can be effected to all fibers. in the litter.
    In practice, it has been found that a liquid absorption of approx. 5 times the weight in a bedding according to the production of wheat straw, and in comparison a liquid absorption of approx. 2 times the weight of the ordinary fine-cut wheat straw. For further comparison, it can be mentioned that liquid absorption in chips is generally approx. 2.5 times the weight. Thus, a marked and surprisingly high fluid absorption has been achieved.
    The plant according to the invention is arranged so that heating can be made to a temperature at a level between 120 and 160 ° C, especially between 140 and 150 ° C at surface temperature. With these temperatures in the matrix of the pelletizer, a certainty of sterilization is achieved.
    In practice, it turns out that heating to these temperatures at the surface will always ensure a temperature in a central part of a formed pellet ring that is above 70-80 ° C, which is sufficient to kill all relevant bacteria and viruses. .
    Thus, in the case of heating to a temperature in a range between 120 and 160 ° C, it will be the heating on the surface and the temperature occurring in the interior of the pelleted product will be based on compression temperature as well as 5DK 2010 00111 U3 the friction temperature number that occurs in the surface due to the friction between the straw material and the pelletizer die.
    The plant according to the invention may comprise a hammer mill. The hammer mill has been found to be a suitable unit for cutting / slicing the straws. In addition to the cutting, the impact of the hammer mill will establish free wire parts and bundles of elemental fibers suitable for subsequent treatment. At the same time, it is noted that the hammer mill generally works with an excess of air, so that the hammer mill can be used for air transport of the finely cut straw for subsequent treatment.
    The subsequent treatment will preferably comprise a purification of the material so that unwanted particles are avoided in the finished product.
    The plant according to the production is arranged so that a dust and sand separation is carried out, as well as extraction of excess air from the hammer mill in a cyclone before the pelleting. Thus, with this cyclone, it will be possible to purify the material prior to subsequent treatment in a pelletizing unit. When using a cyclone, at the same time, the excess air from the hammer mill will be able to be removed from the top and the removal of dust and soil, sand particles and other heavy particles that will exit the bottom of a cyclone.
    The strands and bundles of the elemental fibers will also protrude from the bottom. Therefore, the material from the bottom of the cyclone will be fed into a dust separator consisting of a snail transport having a cyclone inlet and with a bottom plate comprising a cleaning sieve which allows sand and soil particles as well as dust to fall out and be collected under the snail conveyor. The auger conveyor will then pass the purified and fine-cut straw fraction to the pelletizing unit.
    An interchangeable cleaning screen may be provided to determine the particle size of the sand and dust removed.
    The finely cut straw will thus fall into the auger and be transported towards the auger conveyor exit and along the way a passage across the cleaning sieve will cause dust and 6 6DK 2010 00111 U3 sand particles to fall due to gravity. Alternatively, a suction box may be provided which is connected to the cleaning sieve so that dust and sand particles are sucked through the sieve and then fed to landfill.
    If desired, and when needed, it may be possible that, in connection with the auger conveyor, units are provided for supplying / admixing various materials. This may be the case, for example, if the straw material is desired to be mixed with other types of absorbent or if chemical agents are desired for the treatment of the straw material.
    According to the invention, there will generally not be any need for additives to produce a litter having the desired properties for establishing a dry and soft bed, which provides good animal welfare and well-being in the barn.
    The plant according to the invention is arranged so that the pelleted material is at least partially cooled before comminution. The pelleting of the material can be done in a traditional pelletizing unit. The pelletizing unit can be arranged with two, three or more parallel pelletizing presses, so that it is possible to adapt the process and the plant according to production needs, so that the pelletizing unit can run optimally.
    In order to establish the desired properties in the material, it is essential that the pelletizing unit operates at a pressure so as to obtain desired temperatures by compression and friction as well as desired material properties by the pressure effect imparted to the straw material during compression in the pelletizing unit.
    Thus, the material will leave the pelletizing unit in the form of a high temperature extruded material string. The material strand is passed through open cooling paths, which in principle consists of a series of rings interconnected by longitudinal tubes, so that an open path occurs where a heat exchange with the surroundings can be established. In this way, the material string will be cooled as it passes through the cooling path. The cooling path is thus used to direct the material string from pelletizing units to a subsequent comminution unit.
    7 7GB 2010 00111 U3
    It is possible to cool the string of material more or less. In practice, the temperature maintained in the material strand is desired over an extended period of time to ensure that the heat of friction is diffused into the central core of the material strand.
    However, there is another fact that suggests that the material strand does not pass through a long walk in an open cooling path, as different shifts occur depending on the moisture content of the material string. Since straw / straw has different shear coefficients depending on the moisture content, there will be a risk that the material string will break and parts will be shifted laterally. In this way, parts of the material string may interfere with the cooling pipe's pipes / rings, whereby there is a risk that the material string may get stuck in the cooling path.
    This can be solved by placing means of transport, such as gears, which are in engagement b with the material string, and which can induce an extension of the material web so that it is not only pushed through the cooling path of the pelletizer but is also pulled through the cooling path of the means of transport. However, the means of transport engaging the material strand may cause partial degradation and cause material to fall out of the open cooling path.
    Therefore, it is preferred that only a partial cooling is carried out in the cooling path and that the material string, while still warm and coherent, is introduced into the comminution unit.
    The comminution unit will generally be provided in the form of a tubers crusher known from the fertilizer industry where it is used for crushing tubers in fertilizers. In the tuber crusher, the material string will be torn up and comminuted. The finely divided material then falls on a conveyor belt as a finely divided material, which now has a loose structure consisting of individual bundles of elemental fibers and short strand parts.
    The loose material of individual bundles of elemental fibers and short wire parts will still have a high temperature. By placing the loose material on the conveyor belt, evaporation of moisture from the straw as well as a cooling of the material, which may still have a temperature of 50 - 70 ° C, can be achieved. The evaporation contributes to the release of water content from the straw material. Hereby, a reduction in the water content can advantageously be obtained, so that the subsequent litter can absorb more water.
    When the material is placed in a loose state on the conveyor belt, in addition to the possibility of cooling, there will also be a loose structure that can be post-processed, for example to prevent animals from eating the litter.
    The plant according to the invention may be arranged so that the finely divided material is treated by spraying with an anti-flavor substance. This occurs immediately after the tuber crusher and comminution, while the loose material is on the conveyor belt, which carries the loose material away from the comminution unit. Alternatively, this spraying can be done later in connection with transport for packaging.
    Antioxidants will be a preferred treating agent to prevent animals from using the litter as a feed. A suitable antioxidant may be, for example, urine from predators. Practical experiments show that most prey will be reluctant to eat material treated with predator urine.
    When the finely divided and still hot litter leaves the tuber crusher, as mentioned above, it is placed on a conveyor belt. The conveyor belt may be of a length so as to obtain a cooling of the loose material to a room temperature. Cooling can be promoted by passing the transport path through cooling zones, where water vapors are also transported away with heat.
    The finely divided material will still contain dust, but this will now only be straw dust.
    Therefore, it is preferred that the loose bedding from the conveyor belt is passed over a vibration conveyor which acts as a shake cleaner. Alternatively, a snail conveyor with cleaning wool and built-in suction of dust can be used. Hereby, the wire parts and bundles of elementary fibers will pass for packaging / storage, while straw dust will fall out of the shaker cleaner and can be sent for disposal.
    9 9GB 2010 00111 U3
    It is important that the vapors are removed from the loose bedding before the vibration conveyor, since the dust will not be bound by condensation of the water vapors due to the heating of the straw. Dust particles that are separated will typically be in the order of 1/10 mm or less.
    After the vibration conveyor, the litter will be ready for packaging. Packaging can be done in sacks or large sacks. The litter can also be transferred to containers. Containers may, for example, be of the type of compactor for the transport of large quantities of litter in compressed form.
    The plant according to the production can be arranged so that the water content of the finely divided material is brought to a level of approx. 10% or lower. With such a water content, the desired absorbency in the finished bedding will be achieved.
    According to a particular embodiment, the plant according to the invention is characterized in that a tear unit for tearing bales of straw is arranged in front of the grinding unit, that the grinding unit is provided in the form of a hammer mill, that the pelletizing unit is arranged with two or more parallel pelletizing presses, The comminution unit is provided in the form of a tubular crusher and the transport means are selected from air blowers, conveyor belts, vibration conveyors and open cooling paths.
    Generally, straw or straw will be provided in the form of bales delivered to the plant. Therefore, a tearing unit will be provided which may, for example, be of the type known from the tearing of straw bales in connection with straw pine. It is preferred to use a slow moving tear unit for noise. However, various units on the market can be used for tearing, so that the straw is conveyed in more or less unbroken form from the tearing unit to the hammer mill.
    When operating the system, the wire parts will be cut to lengths of 20 mm or less.
    10 10DK 2010 00111 U3
    To this end, the hammer mill will, in a known manner, be provided with a sieve, so that wire parts not shortened to this length will be returned for further processing in the hammer mill.
    drawing Description
    The production will then be explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which fig. 1 shows a principle sketch for the construction of a plant according to the invention, and FIG. Figure 2 shows a sketch of a bundle of elemental fibers that have undergone blushing.
    Detailed Description of the Invention In FIG. 1, there is shown a principle sketch showing the elements necessary for understanding the structure of a plant according to the invention.
    The plant according to the invention is generally designated by the reference numeral 1. The plant is intended for handling straw bales 2, which may be, for example, big bales or round bales. The bales 2 are placed on a conveyor 3 which leads them to a tearing unit 4.
    The tearing unit 4 is used for lifting and tearing of the material. A snail conveyor 5 leads the torn material to a hammer mill 6. From the hammer mill 6, the material is conveyed by air transport from the hammer mill via a conveyor tube 7 to a cyclone separator 8.
    At the bottom of the cyclone separator 8 is provided a dust separator 9. In the embodiment shown, two dust separators 9 are provided, each leading to a storage silo 10. Each of the dust separators 9 comprises an inlet from the bottom of the cyclone separator and a auger conveyor as well as a bottom plate with a cleaning sands for removing sand and dust. Thus, it will be purified and finely cut straw fed to the silos 10.
    From the silos, transport channels 11 are provided, which may be snail conveyors which are fed to a pelletizing unit 12. The pelletizing unit 12 consists in the illustrated embodiment 11 forming three pelletizing presses 13 which press material strands 14 into a tubular crusher 15.
    The material strand 14 is passed through a cooling path formed by a series of successive rings interconnected by longitudinal tubes to form an open guide for the material strand so that temperature exchange with the environment can occur.
    In the tub crusher 15, the material strand is torn up, so that the straw material then appears as a loose structure of individual strands and bundles of elemental fibers. This loose material is placed on a conveyor belt 16 having a length which allows for cooling before the material is transferred to a dust cleaning unit in the form of a vibration conveyor 17 which removes straw dust.
    Immediately after tuber crusher 15, a processing unit 18 is provided which allows a spray 19 of predator urine 19 to be applied to the loose litter so that the litter will not be eaten by the animals.
    From the vibration conveyor 17, the finished and cooled litter is conveyed via a conveyor 20 to a final storage 21. The final storage 21 is shown with three storage units 22. The storage units can either lead to a container 23 or to a packaging machine 24, where the litter is packed in sacks. The litter will then be ready for distribution.
    FIG. 2 illustrates a bundle 25 consisting of a plurality of elemental fibers 26. FIG. 2 illustrates that, after blushing, elemental fibers will appear with a number of strand portions projecting from the bundle, as indicated at 27, and a number of pointed ends indicated at 28 projecting from the bundle 25. These projecting portions 27, 28 will generally appear with a sharp and stinging effect.
    In the pelletizing process in the pelletizing unit, it is assumed that the protruding elementary fibers or pointed ends 27,28 are crushed and or pressed into the bundle so that they will subsequently appear without the stinging and sharp effect. Furthermore, the cell structure will be mast at compression so that the bundle 25 of elemental fibers 26 does not act as a rigid bundle.
    In practice, it has not been possible to test or measure these effects, but it is assumed that the compression establishes the crushing and pressing of the protruding parts. Furthermore, it is believed that lignin is released during heating, so that the bundles of elemental fibers appear with less adhesion, which also contributes to the softening.
    权利要求:
    Claims (2)
    [1]
    1. Bedding for livestock animals and based on the finely cut vegetable straw, characterized in that it comprises individual bundles of sterilized elemental fibers / short strand parts, where elemental fibers are softened, the cellular structure of the elemental fibers and the strands being crushed.
    Bedding according to claim 1, characterized in that the finely cut straws are softened by a pelleting at a pressure such that a simultaneous heating is established to a temperature at a level above 70 ° C, preferably above 80 ° C, before comminution for forming the loose bedding.
    Bedding according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the water content of the finely divided material is at a level of approx. 10% or lower.
    A plant for producing bedding in livestock plants and based on vegetable straw, comprising a plurality of treatment units including a fine-cutting unit, characterized in that it further comprises a pelletizing unit adapted to exert pressure during pelleting of the fine-cut straw, a simultaneous heating is established to a temperature at a level above 70 ° C, preferably above 80 ° C, a comminution unit for comminution of pelleted material to form loose bedding consisting of individual bundles of elemental fibers and short wire parts, and conveying means for transporting the material between the plant's various treatment units.
    System according to claim 4, characterized in that a tear unit for tearing bales of straw is arranged in front of the grinding unit, that the grinding unit is provided in the form of a hammer mill, that the pelletizing unit is provided with two or more parallel pelletizing presses, that the grinding unit is provided. in the form of a tuber crusher, and that the conveying means are selected from air blowers, conveyor belts, vibration conveyors and open cooling paths. DK 2010 00111 U3 1/2
    [2]
    2/2 DK 2010 00111 U3 26

    FIG. 2
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    DK200600314U3|2007-05-25|
    DE07111989T1|2008-11-27|
    DK201000111U3|2010-08-13|
    EP1927280A2|2008-06-04|
    EP1927280A3|2010-11-17|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    GB9101830D0|1991-01-29|1991-03-13|Unilever Plc|Bedding for animals|
    DE202005011433U1|2005-07-01|2005-11-24|Gottschalk, Marco|Litter for poultry rearing is made by granulation of dry straw which has been cut up and compressed before granulation|CZ302417B6|2007-11-21|2011-05-04|Výzkumný ústav zemedelské techniky, v.v.i.|Process for producing plastic litter, apparatus for making the same and plastic litter per se|
    DK178504B1|2013-10-10|2016-04-18|Cour Administration As|Use of a base modified biomass as bedding for animals|
    LT6137B|2014-02-21|2015-04-27|Uab "Agroeurotiltas"|Animal litter production method|
    法律状态:
    2017-07-14| UUP| Utility model expired|Expiry date: 20170706 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DK200600314U|DK200600314U3|2006-11-30|2006-11-30|Bedding|
    EP07111989A|EP1927280A3|2006-11-30|2007-07-06|Method and plant for manufacturing of bedding for animals and such bedding|
    DKBA201000111U|DK201000111U3|2006-11-30|2010-06-08|Bedding for animals and plants for producing such bedding|DKBA201000111U| DK201000111U3|2006-11-30|2010-06-08|Bedding for animals and plants for producing such bedding|
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